GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF INDICA RICE BPT5204 WITH CRY1Aa3 GENE Essay Example

GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF INDICA RICE BPT5204 WITH CRY1Aa3 GENE Essay Example GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF INDICA RICE BPT5204 WITH CRY1Aa3 GENE Essay GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF INDICA RICE BPT5204 WITH CRY1Aa3 GENE Essay Introduction It is indispensable that we better our nutrient production and distribution in order to feed and maintain a turning universe population free from hungriness, while at the same clip cut downing the environmental impacts of high populations and bettering the quality life for most worlds. This will necessitate continued development and responsible use of scientific finds and new engineerings. With the increasing demand of harvest manufacturers for new high giving up cultivars and the demand of consumers for agricultural merchandises, works breeders face major challenges. Assorted methods for presenting new cistrons that confer utile agronomic features into harvests have been successfully exploited by harvest breeders to better agricultural harvests and new cultivars with higher outputs, improved qualities, increased pest oppositions and agronomic traits are continually being developedThough BPT-5204 released during 1986, it has spread all provinces in India. ( Anonymous, 2004 ) . Its ex cellence in cooking quality, but susceptible to brown works hopper and root bore bit. Different exists in rice are considerable for response to callus initiation and transmutation and works regeneration between the japonica types and indica.Engineering of workss promises to make new chances in agribusiness, industry and medical specialty. However, presenting and showing foreign cistrons in workss besides presents many proficient challenges that are non encountered with microbic systems. Transformation techniques have been widely used in rice. A given transgenic event is good known need non consequences workss with their coveted degree for the look of transgene ( Butaye et al. 2005 ) . Therefore, in any harvest works transmutation programme it been necessary to derive a big figure of transgenic events as to pick up among the best of them. Therefore by utilizing efficient and selectable marker cistrons such as hph ( for hygromycin ) and saloon ( for basta ) are more powerful as they r eported in several surveies Experiment The chief purpose of this research is the transmutation of CRY1Aa3 GENE in to the INDICA RICE BPT520. Which is widely grown in India where it is a midget statured ( 78-80 centimeter ) , medium stooling variety.In the experiment the seeds are washed in unfertile conditions and inoculate with chemicals so arrange these seeds in MS medium home bases. After 21 yearss calli will develop. Fresh and healthy callosity was developed which is placed on choice medium. After 15 yearss of incubation in choice medium the immune callosity is transferred to fresh choice medium. This procedure will follow about 4-5 rhythms of choice, from the filteration of all the rhythms merely the immune embryogenic callosity is taken and it is transferred to regeneration medium. Assorted molecular techniques are followed to acquire PCR positive Deoxyribonucleic acid samples ( means our cistron of involvement which is integrated in to genome ) . These techniques are DNA isolation, Gel cataphoresis, Plasmid isolati on, PCR, Elution technique and southern analysis. Finally after all these process the sample was subjected to hybridization procedure so we can presume the consequence. LITERATURE REVIEW : Genetic technology allows the re-introduction of rice cistrons that have been isolated and modified to give altered belongingss. There is a great trade of advancement in stable familial transmutation of rice workss. Compared to conventional genteelness, familial technology is a comparatively faster agencies for varietal betterment that allows transportation of cistrons from within every bit good as outside the primary cistron pool. The usage of transgenic engineering as portion of the conventional genteelness plan purposes to selectively change, reassign, or use some utile agronomic features in workss. ( Lemaux and Peggy, 2008 ) . This engineering offers the possibility of selectively conveying in desirable features from different cultivars of that works species. For case, the transportation of Xa21, a opposition cistron to rice bacterial foliage blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae ( Xoo ) , to cultivars non holding this cistron without utilizing traversing and back-crossi ng. More significantly, characters from unrelated species including micro-organisms, animate beings, and workss can be transferred into mark workss thereby presenting utile foreign cistrons into workss through asexual methods that overcome the defects of conventional genteelness techniques. Great advancement has been made in transmutation engineerings since the in-between 1980s. Coevals of the transgenic works: An excess ordinary phenomenon is that the whole works can be regenerated from a individual works cell, which makes the transmutation of workss much easier than any other being. Alien cistrons can be introduced into life cells through viral infection, protoplast transmutation utilizing polyethylene ethanediol ( PEG ) , microinjection or electroporation, microprojectiles and through Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection.Genetic transmutation of rice through usage of Agrobacterium is a favorite attack as it enables transportation of Deoxyribonucleic acid with defined terminals, minimum rearrangement, integrating of a little figure of transcripts of the cistron and more significantly, the possibility of transportation of larger sections of DNA. In viral transmutation, if the familial stuff is packaged into the genome of a suited works virus and so the modified virus can be used for infection of the works and present the cistron of involvement. Protoplast mediated transmutation is a dependa ble method. Several explants such as embryogenic cell suspension initiated signifier callosity produced from mature seeds, immature embyos, anthers and developing microspores can be used for protoplast isolation ( Potrykus, 1991 ) . An advantage of direct cistron transportation is that any piece of DNA may be transferred without utilizing specialised vectors. The most promising process is `gene hiting . Research methods The popular indica genotype BPT 5204 ( Samba Masuri ) , which is widely grown in Andhra Pradesh was used for tissue civilization and transmutation experiments. It is a midget statured ( 78-80 centimeter ) , medium stooling assortment and matures in about 115-120 yearss with yield potency of 5.5 to 6.0 t/ha.. The grains are long slender and the hull is xanthous in coloring material. Milled rice is semitransparent and white in colour.The plasmid pC1300-cry1Aa3 ( Fig. 2 ) was used for transmutation. All other chemicals were procured from M/s. Sigma-Aldrich Inc. , USA Materials and methods Preparation of Nutrient media Preparation of Stock solutions of salts of MS medium Preparation of stock solution of endocrines Preparation of explant and constitution of civilization Familial transmutation Preparation of Agrobacterium civilization and co-cultivation Washing and Selection Regeneration Molecular analysis of transgenic workss The methods used in this research are 1.DNA isolation 2.Gel cataphoresis 3.Plasmid Isolation 4.Polymerization concatenation reaction ( PCR ) 5.Elution Technique 6.Southern Analysis Deoxyribonucleic acid isolation Is a everyday process in which The genomic DNA was isolated from the foliage samples. Two to three centimeter pieces of immature foliage from putatively transformed workss will take and cut into little pieces. Gel cataphoresis: It is a technique that is used for separation of an deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) ( or ) protein molecules by utilizing an electrical current that is applied to an gel matrix. The Deoxyribonucleic acid Gel cataphoresis has been by and large used after an elaboration of DNA via PCR. This was chiefly used for analysis of stray DNA concentration and quality, PCR merchandise analysis. In this gel with EtBr absorbed under U.V. Plasmid Isolation It is a method that has been used to pull out and purified by a plasmid Deoxyribonucleic acid. As many methods that have been developed to sublimate the Deoxyribonucleic acid from bacteriums. In this technique we will take YEP medium incorporating Kantrex is inoculated with individual settlement of Agrobacterium incorporating the desired plasmid Polymerization concatenation reaction ( PCR ) The genomic DNA isolated from the foliages of putative transformants were subjected to PCR elaboration along with positive ( plasmid DNA ) and negative controls ( non-transformed works ) as per the process described by Williams et Al. ( 1990 ) . This is a technique to magnify individual transcript of piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude and bring forthing more transcripts of peculiar DNA. Southern Analysis Southernblotting is the technique chiefly used for the verification of PCR positives, Means Confirmation of our cistron of involvement, which is integrated into genome. ( mediated by A. tumefaciens. ) Southern blotting was the method of pick for transgene sensing. It involves the isolation of Deoxyribonucleic acid from selected workss, digestion of Deoxyribonucleic acid with limitation enzymes, cataphoresis on agarose gels to divide Deoxyribonucleic acid by size, denaturation of the Deoxyribonucleic acid and transportation of the Deoxyribonucleic acid to a membrane. Label the investigation with certain enzyme like Alkaline phosphatase, which when reacts with its substrate green goodss light which can be documented by exposing to an X-ray movie Concerns about utilizing Familial Transformation The current argument over the hazards of genetically modified ( GM ) nutrient is centered on issues runing from the environmental impacts to the possible affects on human existences and farm animal. If transgenic workss crossbreed with local weeds, it may increase their fight, and a new ace weed could be the consequence ( Daniell, 1999 ) . A recent study from the European Environmental Agency concludes that several bing and future transgenic harvests carry a high hazard of cistron flow to the environment, including the happening of non-transformed harvests in the Fieldss of nearby husbandmans. Transgenic oilseed colza assortments ( including canola ) are rated high hazard for cistron flow to the environment and to conventional harvests in neighbouring Fieldss. While transgenic sugar Beta vulgariss are rated at a medium to high hazard for cistron flow in both classs. In fact, 12 of the universe s 13 most of import harvest species, including wheat, rice, maize, and soya bean, crossbree d with non-cultivated species in some portion of their distribution.One of the solutions to this job is that ordinances, regulating the appraisal of transgenic harvest safety require appliers to pay particular attending to hazards, when releases are planned for parts in which hybridisation with weeds is possible. Problems Related to Utilizing Transgenic Rice in Rice Production Transformation is a heritable alteration in a cell or tissue brought approximately by the consumption and constitution of introduced DNA. Transformation techniques have developed quickly and some transformed harvests have been put into commercial production, including maize, cotton, soya bean, intercrossed maize, canola, tomato, squash and Piper nigrum. Although transgenic rice has been developed from different mark tissues, no commercial transgenic assortments soon have unrestricted usage in rice production. Some jobs include such as deficiency of cistron map ( look ) in the progenesis of transgenic plants.Though some information is available about the mode-of-inheritance of transgenes among offsprings, it has been hard to precisely explicate the mode-of heritage of the foreigner cistrons in these segregating populations. Most selective marker cistrons used in transmutation have been antibiotic opposition cistrons, such as Kantrex and hygromycin opposition cistrons. These selective marker cistrons were perfectly necessary ab initio for transmutation research ( Blochinger et al. , 1984 ) . Use of positive choice markers such manA cistron offers another fresh solution to this job. Week by hebdomad program In the first hebdomad the stock solutions are prepared harmonizing to the propotions. The stock solutions are 2,4-D, kinetin, NAA. After the prepration of the solutions, readying of alimentary media. The alimentary media MS medium which is used for callus initiation and regeneration. Then after readying of MS- agarose mock solutions and the prepratedium, prepration of choice medium, prepration of regeneration medium, prepration of YEB media. For every scientifical experiment the readying of mediums is really of import, to get down the experiment foremost we should fix all the stock standards.In the following hebdomad the callus civilization should be prepared and it is placed on choice medium. This measure will takes up to 15 yearss because the callus civilization should be placed under incubation upto 15 days.In the 4th hebdomad the incubated callus civilization was transferred to fresh choice medium upto 4 to5 rhythms of choice. After this procedure we may acquire opposition embryo logic callosity which is to regeneration medium.In the 5th hebdomad prepration of explants and the constitution of civilization. This procedure takes topographic point may take topographic point upto 10 yearss. Because the seeds must to be develope.In the following hebdomad transmutation procedure, in which the civilization is inoculated and reassign to the fresh stock. As the concluding measure, rinsing and choice of bacteriums. In this measure the immune callosity is selected for regeneration medium.

the Six day war essays

the Six day war essays "Throughout the war, the Israeli's were out numbered by the other nations; millions versus thousands, and yet they carried through," Prime Minister Eshkol remarked, concerning the events of the Six Day War. During the Six Day War, when Israel was attacked by the surrounding Arab nations, it was a young, inexperienced and demographically diminutive country, containing a population of only 650,000 people. Whereas, the Arab nations collectively amounted to over 44,250,000 people. However, in spite of these hindrances, Israel managed to miraculously defeat the extremely powerful and strong Arab nations surrounding them. Zionists declared Israel a state on May 14, 1948 when the British rule over Palestine had been put to an end. The following day, armies of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Transjordan, totaling 800,000 combat forces attacked Israel. During the war, Israel lost control of the Old City of Jerusalem. The Israelis fought back and captured much of the territory, which had been set aside for the Arabs. By August of 1949, Israel and all five surrounding Arab nations had agreed to end the fighting. In 1950, the Jordanian military led by King Abdullah, became known as the West Bank in the kingdom of Jordan. Egypt set up an all Palestine government under the Mufti of Jerusalem, who had led Palestinian opposition to the British. After the war the Arabs and Israelis fought for many years about the 600,000 to 700,000 Arab refugees who left Israel as a result of the war. The Arabs claimed that Israel forced them out of Palestine. The United Nations attempted to aid the refugees to settle into Arab countries, but the Palestinians refused help. In 1954, Gamal Abdul Nasser became President of Egypt and a representative of Arab nationalism. He soon became the leader of all Arabs. In Egypt, the free officers who staged a military coup in 1952 disposed of King Farouk. Nasser had been one of these officers. ...

The Big Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Big Society - Essay Example The Big Society program is pertinent to England’s domestic policy alone. However, these policy areas are passed on to the governments of Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The beginning The idea of Big Society, initiated in the Conservative manifesto was depicted in rather glowing terms by The Times in these words as an "an impressive attempt (The Times, 2010). To counsel the British Government on the proposed program, David Cameron employed Nat Wei, a founder-member of the well-known Teach First charity. The program envisages the establishment of a Big Society Bank and introduction of a national citizen service (Wiggins, 2010). The main characteristics of the same are as follows: More power to the communities (devolution). Transferring power from the central to the local government. Encouraging individuals to take an active part in their respective communities (volunteerism). Support to co-ops, charities, mutuals as well as social enterprises. Publish pertinent government data (transparent government). Measures to implement the program In 2011, major banks in the U.K. consented to provide ?200million as funds to the Big Society Bank (Giotis, 2011), apart from the funds to be utilized from those bank accounts that are lying dormant (Prince, 2010). It is reported that the British government has plans to release ?78billion in charitable assets to big society and accord up to 25 per cent of public service contracts to the voluntary as well as the private sector (Wintour, 2011). Discussions on the program Positive According to Simon Parker, who is the Director of New Local Government Network what is new about Big Society is that it spells out the extent of change required and it is a whole system shift (Parker, 2011).Ben Rogers of the Financial Times opined that the most remarkable factor about Cameron's address delivered at the Conservative Party Conference was on his notion, the Big Society. The speech signified that many of the political tribulations that confronts Mr. Cameron can be dealt with only if citizens are willing to play their part. According to the right wing newspaper The Spectator, it was Cameron’s hope to minimize fiscal shortfalls by dipping into bank accounts lying dormant and it is a bright idea in theory (Blackburn, 2010). Benedict Brogan in The Telegraph’s wrote that people expect their would-be leaders, to have vision and the PM offers a really big one, of a society re-erected from the ground up (Brogan, 2010). Negative To Labor MP, Ed Miliband, the Conservatives were "cynically attempting to dignify its cuts agenda, by dressing up the withdrawal of support with the language of reinvigorating civic society"(Watt, 2010). The Liverpool City Council of late pulled out of a pilot scheme, stating that the government’s current spending cuts is undermining the very future of volunteer groups. A former executive director of Community Service Volunteers, Dame Elisabeth Hoodless has expressed the s ame opinion. According to a recent independent audit report Cameron’s "big society" scheme is in danger of getting derailed by cruel cuts to grassroots voluntary organizations. It is also threatened by a breakdown in trust amid the very people that the administration is supposed to deliver its promising vision. The ?3.3 billion cut in government spending earmarked for the voluntary sector for three forthcoming years is said to be a body blow to the whole project (Butler, 2012). To this criticism Cameron counters by

Bilingualism and How Communication Develops Dissertation

Bilingualism and How Communication Develops - Dissertation Example The ability to learn a language involves many areas of the brain. The association areas located in the parietal lobe with connections to the temporal and occipital areas are involved in language experiences by functionally facilitating a variety of language-related behaviours such as vision, body awareness, touch, spatial orientation, verbal comprehension, localisation of objects in space, abstract and complex cognitive functions of mathematical reasoning and formulation of logical thoughts stemming from visual experiences (Lezak, 1997). This area of the brain was termed this association area in the parietal lobe as the â€Å"association area of association areas† while others named this association area the â€Å"  cortex† (Lezak, 1997). The right hemisphere is also involved when organizing a narrative, an expression and during recognition of emotion in the tone of voice as well as regulation of rhythm and intonation of speech.  The specialization of the left hemis phere in language processing, neuronal systems used for grammatical, semantic and lexical processing have been found to be affected by early language experiences (Carlson, 2001). Studies also indicate that right hemisphere involvement is present since much of the language processing requires spatial location, motion; and specialization and differentiation of these neuronal circuits are related to the proficiency of the language. It is known that verbal behavior is lateralized and the functions of the left hemisphere are more specialized for the analysis of sequential stimuli such as speech. Speech consists of sounds arranged into sequences of words. Cortical language areas primarily associated with localization of language-related functions are on the left hemisphere around the Sylvian fissure, inferior frontal lobe which harbors Broca’s area, and Wernicke’s area, located in the posterior temporal lobe (Carlson, 2001).

How does John Steinbeck portray racism in Of Mice And Men Essay Example for Free

How does John Steinbeck portray racism in Of Mice And Men Essay From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrants dreamed of a better life in America. People went there to escape from discrimination or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves or their families. They dreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfields. For many the dream became a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American Civil War, the growth of towns with slums as bad as those in Europe, and the corruption of the American political system led to many shattered hopes. For the American society as a whole the dream ended with the Wall Street crash of 1929. This was the start of the Great Depression that would affect the whole world during the 1930s. However the dream survived in the hope of individuals. Thousands made their way west to California to escape from their farmlands in the mid-West. George and Lennie dreamt of there little house and a couple of acres. However, between 1929 39 there was a general world destine in trade and prosperity. A great deal of money had been spent on the First World War, and countries found themselves in debt. Lots of American lost their jobs. They joined bands of wandering farmers, looking for work. The farm owners of California found that they could pay very low wages, and expect men to work for long hours, as the demand for work was so great. The men were only needed for short periods at a time, for harvesting and so they had to travel around for work. On October 24, 1929, the stock market crashed. Prices began to decline early in the day, triggering a selling panic in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). This caused the loss of jobs of various workers, black or white. It was very hard for the workers to find a job elsewhere in any other farms, just like George and lennie. These kinds of workers were called itinerant workers. The coming months saw no recovery. The racism, which Martin Luther King talks about in his famous I had a dream speech, states that white men think they have got power over black people. That all men are created equally, and no one differs from each other. The black people have to give up their seats if a white person comes on to the bus and there is no space left. Also black people were not allowed to shop in the same place as white people. And black people had to send their children to a different school to the white people. This is an example of segregation and isolation. Crooks demands isolation because he is black and wants to live alone. He is also called names nigger . He is proberly one of the most disliked people in the story because of the colour of hes skin. But still people say crooks the nigger is a really nice fellow at the same time. I think they just call him that because at that time they could say or do anything to a nigger and still get away with it. The white boys did not want to sleep in the same room as a black man. I just totally disagree with this because you should not judge a perosn by the colout of the skin. Also crooks himself does not want to sleep with them because of the way the white boys have treated him. Crooks him self is a stable buck which is a very low classed job even at that time. The white boys call crooks crooks because as a stable buck he waz kicked on the back by a horse and he is now got a crooked back. Also the white lads have made crooks fight on christmas day with smitty just so he can sit down and have a drink with the white boys on christmas day. I think that is not acceptable because crooks is already hurt hes back from the accident with the horse and on top of that he had to have a fight with smitty with that injury when smitty was perfectly fine. All they did do was that they tyied hes hands behind hes back so he could not punch crooks but can only kick him. This first starts when crooks privacy is invaded by lennie. When lennie enters crooks room without no permission from crooks to cum into the room. Crooks is not very happy when lennie enters the room and says you got no right to come in my room. This heres my room. Nobody got no rights in here but me! Crooks says all of this because he is not really happy with lennies presents in the room. As lennie stays longer and longer he starts to find out that lennie is dumb and crooks thinks to him self that he has got the upper hand on lennie. Crooks for the first time has got power over someone and thats a white man. Then lennie gets up and says to crooks why are you not liked on the ranch and crooks replys by saying its just because Im BLACK! Crooks means by this quote that the white men on the ranch do not like him. And also crooks has got nobody to talk to because crooks is the only nigger on the ranch. Then lennie quickly changes the subject and starts talking about the dream him and George have got. But all crooks thinks is hes crazy . He thinks this because he thinks that lennie doesnt know what he is talking about. Crooks taunts lennie thaat George is not going to come back. And crooks also says he might even get hurt. After crooks has said that crooks face lightened up with pleasure in his torture. After crooks has said lennie quickly gets to hes feet and says nothing is going to happen to come George he si going to come back safe. Crooks is really frightened when lennis sayss that and crooks moves further up hes bed and rests hes hands on hes knees. The reason for crooks out burst like that is because all crooks is trying to do is trying to make someone feel like how crooks is feeling by telling lennie when the other boys on the ranch play horse shoe he has to stay in hes room and read a book when he would rather be playing horse shoe with the other workers on the ranch. Crooks is trying say just because i am black they dont let me play horseshoe. Crooks is trying to gain sympthy from lennie but lennie does not really understand what crooks is trying to say to him. So lennie doesnt really f eel sorry for him because he doesnt know what going on. So lennie cant really feel sorry for crooks because he is lost him self in other words. The workers on the ranch describe crooks as a nigger one second and the other second they be saying he is a very nice fella . I think my self that crooks is a very good person and stays quiet throught the book but it is just because of the colour of hes skin he is treated like dirt. Even thought crooks is proberly the most educated person on the farm. Crooks has got a dictionary which is described as battered and ripped and hes also got some tatered magazines. Also crooks has got some reading books, which are described, as dirty . And all of these things go on a special shelf over hes bunk. When crooks read these books he feels proud and really important because at this time not much people could read or write. And on top of all that hes a nigger . When we first meet crooks I thought he waz a nasty man because of hes posture and hes colour of hes skin. But looks can be dece-ving because he turned out to be a very well educated person and also soft hearted. It was very unusal for a black man to read or write in these in these times even so most of the white men could not read or write. I really feel sorry for crooks because he is alll alone and must feel really isolated at times or most of the time. And he has got no company at all and he aint even got no one to talk to at all because hes black. If you ask me I think that is really unacceptable because no one should be left alone for that reason. He aint got no friends to say hello too all because of the colour of hes skin. The white boys always pick him on. And even thought it aint hes fault most of the things are blamed on him. Also when the boss is feeling really mad he takes it all out on crooks and crooks just gets shouted at for no reason at all. Crooks on the hireachy he is right at the bottom and hes got no power at all. Even thought he has been one of the people who has been working there the longest and he has been loyal to boss. Curleys wife, the attention seeker always flirts with other prople on the ranch because her husband is always at the cathouse or out and about. And is never at home to care about her. Curleys wife is one of the most powerful people in the hireachy because she is married to the boses son. She tries to have some comfort with other people. This is because her husband takes no notice of her apart from the sex. She is used for an object of sex. When crooks reailses that his chances of being in the dream looked very slim and he crawled back defeated because he cant say anything to Curleys wife at all because she has got all the power. She can get him hung from a tree so easy, she can jus say that he waz flirting with me and thats it he would get hung. If that was a white person being prosequted they would give him a trial and would be taken to court but just because he is black they would just get him hung without any proof he did it or not. Going back to the initial question, I think that john Steinbeck doesnt throw the thought of racism in our face. He just hints of the idea and makes do the rest of the thinking. This is proved whenthe worker calls him a nigger and also a nice fella. We had do some thinking to find out that the word nigger is used so much that the workers dont even think of what the word means.

Geography of Belize :: Essays Papers

Geography of Belize Belize which was formerly known as British Honduras until 1981 is an 8,867 acre plot of land located in Central America. The territory covered by Belize is slightly smaller than the state of Massachusetts (Gall 45). Mexico surrounds Belize to the north, Guatemala to the southwest and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The population of Belize conists of approximately 256,000 people. Rougly seventy-one percent of Belize's population resides in cities such as Belize City, San Ignacio, and Punta Gorda. The remaining population lives in rural areas (Krutzinna 66-67). Belize's climate is tropical and humid throughout most of the year. The rainy season falls between the months of May and October. THe average temperature along the Belizean coast is 78.8Â °, while temperatures rise inland. The hurricane season is the most influential climatic element to Belize's environment and well being, which lasts from July to October. For example, the capital city of Belize was moved from coastal Belize City to Belmopan central Belize in 1971 because of the extensive damage caused by Hurricane Hattie in 1961 (Krutzinna 105). Belmopan has been Belize's captial since 1971. It is seated in the center of Belize on the Belize River, half way between the coastal Belize City and the Belize- Guatemalan border town of San Ignacio. The capital has not become the bustling metropolis that Belize City continues to be, but it does provide a train station for travelers as well as cultural buildings for some light sight-seeing. Belmopan, Belize is geographically and politically important to Belize, however, it is still not the center of Belizean culture and economy (Krutzinna 105-106). Forests and woodlands cover about ninety-two percent of Belize's terrain (Marshall 447). These forests and woodlands are home to seven hundered species of trees and approximately four thousand species of flowering plants. Among the seven hundred species of trees living in the forests and woodlands are mahogany, pine, cedar and rosewood. Belize exports much of its mahogany, pine and cedar woods, which directly affects the issue of deforestation it is currently facing from the abundance of trees that have been cut down in the past (Gall 49). Deforestation has become an important topic in Belize since many of its trees have been cut down for sale on the international market.

Secretary: Law and Legal Secretaries

When people hear the word ‘Secretary' – I'm pretty sure they picture someone behind a desk typing. Yes, this is pretty accurate but a Secretary in whatever field is so much more (and one can indeed spend much time running between their desk and any multitude of places! ). I remember learning a spelling mnemonic of sorts at school that Secretaries keep the secrets. Now I realise it's perhaps more to do with the word's derivatives but it's stuck with me!Having finished a Legal Secretaries Level 3 Diploma course in which I have an overall grade of a Merit, I have found myself privy to these ‘secrets' and the opportunity I wanted: to expand and specialise my skills in an administrative field. It has given me a goal, having not taken the most direct job path. It can be difficult to find the right next step to take in your working life. Law is a fascinating arena, even more so ‘backstage'.It might at times seem to be a far cry from the drama of the court room but w ithout Legal Secretaries doing their part to make a difference with their input in the office, which affects the Solicitor who passes that effect onto the client, all aiming to reach the desired result, I'm not quite sure what would happen. Sometimes I think it takes an organiser, an administrator or a (Legal) Secretary to understand another – it takes one to know one.The day to day achievements can be small, but by getting a complex subject filed comprehensively, simply giving someone the assurance that their enquiry is being looked at correctly or preparing someone thoroughly for a meeting, you in turn ensure that the client is getting the best service possible (even though you may not be attending that meeting in person). These are things that I already do but in the sphere of law they become magnified – what starts as small, indirect input evolves into an integral part of the law process.That is quite something to be part of and I look forward to it. Within my rece ption role, I have had over 2 years of part-time work experience of dealing with clients and solicitors in an office environment. My role included answering the phone, getting personal details from callers and transferring to the appropriate member of staff. I learned to be patient, methodical and efficient. Flexibility is one of my strengths; I am also prepared to learn new skills. I have extensive experience of using computers.I have experience of Microsoft and Microsoft Excel in which I passed exams. I have used Word to produce documents such as letters, posters and minutes. I am able to prioritise my workload. Being flexible, I also have a positive attitude. This was particularly evident at The Broadcast Monitoring where I was able to concentrate all day even when working an early morning shift which began at 6. 30am. I also undertook nightshift to cover for staff on holiday. I work well under pressure. There were many deadlines throughout the day.This also involved good written and verbal communication skills which were required when report writing and dealing with colleagues. I have found that I am able to build up close working relationships with other members of staff; most recently at my time in Chipatiso Associates (I can appreciate client confidentiality). I am a good organiser and am able to work on my own initiative. I was efficient at delegating the department workload at the Solicitors firm. I have an editorial/press reader eye for detail. I am polite and reliable, trustworthy and conscientious.

Biometrics Essay

Biometric Recognition or Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. It requires physically present at the point of identification. Identification based on biometric techniques lessen the need to remember a password or carry a token like a physical ID. Various biometric traits are being used for real-time recognition, the most popular being face, iris and fingerprint. However, there are biometric systems that are based on retinal scan, voice, signature and hand geometry. First, a user must be enrolled in the system so that his biometric template or reference can be captured. This template is securely stored in a central database. The template is used for matching when an individual needs to be identified. Depending on the context, a biometric system can operate either in a verification (authentication) or an identification mode. The biometric recognition system is a technology design to monitor the students’ official entry inside the campus. It will also serve as the Internet and Tool room access pass. With the issues concern on the monitoring of students, the researchers delve on the propose project study entitled â€Å"TUPT using Biometric Technology.† It will also be used to identify students who will use University facilities like Internet Center and Tool Room. This study will help the security system by adopting the biometric recognition to identify the bona fide students of TUP- Taguig. It will also track and manage the end user of Internet Center same with the borrower in Tool Room. Statement of the Problem This study would utilize the security systems in the campus. Several problems incurred in the campus wherein the security guards encountered difficulties in dealing with student’s admission. To a large extent, borrowing, monitoring and tracking of equipments by the students are also considered in this study. In view, the researchers prompted to conduct this study by enhancing the ID system in which the Biometric Recognition should be adopted. Objectives General Objective: This study aims to enhance the University ID system by adopting Biometric Technology. Specific objectives: 1.To create a system that will enhance the security of the campus using Biometric technology. 2.To develop a more efficient management and operation in ID system. 3.To gather information regarding the development of ID system in TUP- Taguig using Biometric. 4.To test and implement the effectiveness of said system in the campus.

Hodges and Tizard Essays

Hodges and Tizard Essays Hodges and Tizard Essay Hodges and Tizard Essay Failure to make any form of attachment If child is in institutional care, isolation, parent working.  Rutter-  Compared UK and Romanian children adopted both before and after 6 months old. Found that the Romanian children adopted before 6 months did as well socially and emotionally and the UK control group whereas the Romanian children adopted after 6 months old had problems developing attachments and displayed disinhibited attachments and had poor peer relations. Hodges and Tizard  Studied the long term effects of privation using 65 children who were brought up in a childrens home until the age of 4. During this time the children were unable to form any attachments with their caregivers as staff were discouraged from forming attachments in order to reduce upset. After four years old 25 children were restored into their original homes, 33 were adopted and 7 remained in care. The children were followed up at the age of 8 and 16. The researchers found that 20/21 of the adopted children and 6/13 of the restored children had close attachments with their parents. However, the restored children were more likely to be rejecting/ hostile at both 8 and 16. All three groups had problems forming peer relationships and were rated by teachers as being more likely to seek attention. Curtis  Studied Genie who had suffered from privation for the first 13 years of her life. Privation caused numerous bad effects including poor physical development (rickets in her legs), lack of speech, emotional tantrums etc. Some progress was made with making attachments but Genie suffered further bad care in foster homes and regressed dramatically.  Day care  Is a form of care for infants and children offered by someone other than close family, taking place outside the home, children spend all, or part of the day in care but return home at night, Includes nurseries, child-minding. Positive effects of day care  Clarke-Stewart et al  Found that children in group based day care wee more sociable and better able to negotiate with peers than children cared for at home or by child-minders. EPPE project  Indicated positive effects of day care on social development including peer relations. Different forms of day care had an impact forms with education and care combined = a more positive effect on social development. 3000 UK children aged 3-4, Cognitive development for all children in pre-school was improved in comparison to those who were home schooled.  Children are more likely to have adverse social profiles this increased the risk of anti-social behaviour and could be reduced by high quality pre-school when aged 3-4.  Negative effects of day care  NICHD  Social competence and problem behaviours including being aggressive, but also challenging behaviour attention seeking.  Day care made children more aggressive and disobedient.

Usage Mistakes #1

Usage Mistakes #1 Usage Mistakes #1 Usage Mistakes #1 By Mark Nichol The sentences below illustrate various types of mistakes in wording born from (not â€Å"borne out of†) ignorance or carelessness. 1. All the progress we have made to educate people about the hazards of smoking may be for not. The writer, perhaps unfamiliar with the term naught, assumed that the last word of the sentence is intended to denote negation rather than futility: â€Å"All the progress we have made to educate people about the hazards of smoking may be for naught.† 2. President Obama traveled to Cuba for a historical visit. A historical visit is one that occurs in history, though one should not refer to a visit this way; historical is superfluous. The writer meant to state that the visit is historic; that word means â€Å"of significance to history† (though it sometimes refers simply to something established or existing from the past): â€Å"President Obama traveled to Cuba for a historic visit.† (But shouldn’t it be â€Å"an historic visit†? No, because the correct pronunciation of historic is to sound the h, though many people, including me, believe it is easier to use an and treat the first letter of the following word as silent.) 3. His speech was a load of dribble. Some people seem to think that references such as the one here are to someone’s writing or utterance being worth no more than drool, but the correct word for foolish or silly talk (which can refer to slavering but is etymologically unrelated) is drivel: â€Å"His speech was a load of drivel.† 4. The list is virtually a whose-who of prominent community members. The pronoun whose has no place in this sentence. The phrase â€Å"who’s who† (the contraction is of â€Å"who is†) refers to a roster of notable people or things or summaries about them, or to such a group collectively: â€Å"The list is virtually a who’s who of prominent community members.† This usage- without a connecting hyphen- stems from publications with titles modeled on the phrase, such as Who’s Who in American Art. 5. Where does the US Jewish population predominately live? Predominate is a verb; the correct adjectival and adverbial forms are predominant and predominantly: â€Å"Where does the US Jewish population predominantly live?† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Common Mistakes category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?When to Form a Plural with an Apostrophe40 Idioms with First

Louis XVI and the French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Louis XVI and the French Revolution - Essay Example I ordered the arrest of Duval d’Espremensil and Goislard de Montsadert, who opposed the judicial reform that was against the public interest. As a King, I had to put into consideration the public interest and not favor the parliament interests that will have an adverse impact on the public. I expected the two to support me instead of criticizing the Brienne ministry reforms. Their act could have caused great influence to different groups of people making them develop a negative attitude leading to violence. However, in mid-1780s the country was almost driven near bankruptcy due to the policy of borrowing loans internationally and not raising taxes that increased the country’s debt. I was therefore obliged to collaborate in the radical fiscal reforms which were not supported by the nobles. The nobility did not help the deterioration of provincial privileges in order to favor the centralized monarchy (Hardman, 2000). I, therefore, state that I did not escape as accused, but I was under depression due to the queen’s infidelity. I needed s time away from everything in order to forget my marital problems, and I engaged in activities like hunting. Therefore, I had no reason to run away to avoid my duties as the King. Before my downfall, I was forced to accept the authority of the National Assembly which I had I resisted initially. I did everything for the benefit of the country. As I rest my case, I wish to declare that I am innocent according to the charges pressed against me† (Plain, 2002).

Should all organisations consider their brand as an employer Essay - 1

Should all organisations consider their brand as an employer - Essay Example to establish brand as an employer as such practices enhance the value proposition of the employer that is reflected in their business operations (Kashyap and Rangnekar, 2014). In order to sustain frequent economic and financial turmoil in the complex business environment, an organization has to possess relevant human assets with technological and behavioural competencies. As the process of employer branding involves extensive research of internal and external environment to understand the exact position of the employer in the market, determining further fundamental action plan for fulfilling the gap in the perceived image of the employer among the target group becomes easier (Newell, 2005). Therefore, the organization gets an opportunity to communicate its employers’ value proposition (EVP) and areas of improvement according to the research result in the market segment to be perceived as one of the distinct employers in its area of operations (Edwards, 2012). With a quest to be a part of good organizational environment, which is really scarce in the corporate world, potential candidates are willing to put less emphasis on monetary benefits if they understand long term career prospects, sound values and cultural practices in an organization (Saini, Rai and Chaudhary, 2014). Hence, adoption of employer branding serves business environment in two ways. The organization gets an easy access to skill enriched pool of candidates for serving the organizational purpose in an efficient manner and the candidates also receives an opportunity to exercise their existing talents in the organizational framework (Grà ¼newà ¤lder, 2008). Moreover, international mobility of skilled workforce and archaic skills of the aging personnel has also necessitated organizations to create an employer brand to retain and attract the best talents for enhancing business performance in the upcoming future (Kupfernagel, 2009). Researchers have shown that almost 69% of t he Americans prefer to be